Hilary Koprowski had carried out the first test of a live-attenuated vaccine on humans in 1950, and further trials took place in what was then the Belgian Congo (a territory now largely covered by the Democratic Republic of the Congo). With the Salk vaccine in wide use by the late 1950s, United States interest in testing this new kind of vaccine was low. Sabin’s vaccine was live-attenuated (using the virus in weakened form) and could be given orally, as drops or on a sugar cube. Could you patent the sun?”Ī second type of polio vaccine, the oral polio vaccine (OPV) was developed by physician and microbiologist Albert Sabin. In a 1955 interview, when asked who owned the patent for IPV, he replied: “Well, the people, I would say.
Six pharmaceutical companies were licensed to produce IPV, and Salk did not profit from sharing the formulation or production processes. Salk was committed to equitable access to his vaccine, and understood that elimination efforts would not work without universal low- or no-cost vaccination. By 1957, annual cases dropped from 58 000 to 5600, and by 1961, only 161 cases remained. The results were announced on 12 April 1955, and Salk’s inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) was licensed on the same day. Salk tested his experimental killed-virus vaccine on himself and his family in 1953, and a year later on 1.6 million children in Canada, Not long afterwards, in the early 1950s, the first successful vaccine was created by US physician Jonas Salk. Their pioneering work was recognized with the 1954 Nobel Prize. A breakthrough occurred in 1949, when poliovirus was successfully cultivated in human tissue by John Enders, Thomas Weller and Frederick Robbins at Boston Children’s Hospital.
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